The maximum resistance, for any piezoelectric vibration harvesting system is given by Kim : Some of the common input sources and their corresponding output frequency are tabulated. The weak output signal can be properly used if transformed and applied appropriately. Naturally some weak undefined electric output signal exists from a piezoelectric crystal for various input sources. Both direct and reverse piezoelectric effect is possible with these elements as shown in Fig. Piezoelectric elements usually convert the mechanical strain into weak electrical output. One such integration is our proposed piezoelectric wind harvesting device combining the properties of piezoelectric devices. The modern era has tempted the scientists to integrate one or more green energy sources to get uninterrupted output curbing its limitations. Apart from the disadvantages of conventional sources, these non-conventional sources hold pride for many advantages like pollution free, easily available, non-depleting in spite they are also exploited badly. Various researches are conducted mainly on the fields of wind, solar, tidal, ocean, fuel cells, rain, geothermal, bio fuels and also hybrid systems. As the era of conventional sources is said to be almost over due to its emissions and its state of high alert in depletion, the research in interdisciplinary fields are made on new discoveries and inventions in non-conventional sources. Justifications are already done in moving from conventional to non-conventional sources. In the modern era of blooming inventions, energy sources play a major role in accompanying their achievements. Significant parameters contributing to improved performance are dealt with special importance. In general cantilever beams fitted with piezoelectric materials produce electrical energy from mechanical vibration when deflected hence detailed review on the different shapes of cantilever is also submitted. Most of the piezoelectric energy harvesting systems relies on cantilever-oriented deflection to produce maximum vibration. Piezoelectric energy harvesting using MEMS is emphasized much as this is the era of micromechanical systems. Also, various mechanisms and techniques used to harvest energy recently are presented and discussed extensively. In this paper, a review of the piezoelectric materials is made on their basic modes of excitation for producing energy. Mechanical vibrations are known to cause deflections which are enough to produce energy from the piezoelectric materials. Any piezoelectric element requires compression to produce energy in the form of a weak electrical ac signal. Piezoelectric elements are inevitable in modern day physics playing a vital role in many applications.
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